No norte de Portugal, procedeu-se à vacinação massiva contra a brucelose em pequenos ruminantes entre 2001 e 2004. Neste estudo, efetuou-se uma análise de custo benefício entre 2000 e 2005 para apurar os benefícios econômicos dessa estratégia. Para estimar o custo da zoonose, estudaram-se três variáveis: a indenização paga aos proprietários dos animais eliminados durante a campanha de erradicação da brucelose, o custo da vacina Rev. 1 e os custos de internamento das pessoas infectadas por brucelose nas unidades de Serviços de Saúde. Durante os anos em estudo, observou-se um aumento de custo de aproximadamente US$110.000, entre 2000 e 2001, principalmente, devido à indenização dos animais eliminados e à aplicação da vacina e os custos por internamento de pessoas infectadas, seguindo-se uma redução acentuada entre 2001 e 2004 (de US$1.200.000 para US$180.000 em 2004), o que perfez US$1.020.000 poupados. O custo anual da zoonose, em relação às variáveis estudadas, diminuiu em média US$600.000 por ano, sendo poupados mais de US$ 3.000.000 entre 2000 e 2005. Estes resultados sugerem que a vacinação com Rev. 1 reduziu os custos totais da infecção humana e animal relativamente às variáveis estudadas

In the North of Portugal, a mass vaccination programme of small ruminants was conducted from 2001 to 2004. A study of cost-benefit was carried out for the 2000/2005 period to ascertain the economic benefits of this strategy. In order to estimate the cost of the zoonosis, the compensation costs paid to farmers for culled animals in the Brucellosis Eradication Campaign, data from vaccine Rev. 1 costs, and costs of people internment due to brucellosis were studied. An increase in the cost was observed from 2000 to 2001 (aproximately US$ 110,000), essentially due to compensation for culled animals, but also from vaccination and human internment costs. However, a progressive decrease was observed from 2001 to 2004 (from more than US$1,200,000 in 2001 to US$180,000 in 2004), roughly US$ 1,020,000 less. As the main conclusion, the annual cost of this zoonosis decreased by an average of almost US$600,000 per year, and a total of more than three million dollars were saved from 2000 to 2005. The results of this study suggest that mass vaccination with Rev. 1 reduced overall costs and was effective in reducing animal and human brucellosis costs

The isolation and identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in swine lungs with pleuropneumonia in the North of Portugal were reported. A total of 127 swine lungs with and without lesions were examined. The system of lesions classification was based on a semi-quantitative method. Diagnosis was made by isolation and identification of the etiological agent in typical lesions. The occurrence of observed lesions was 75.6% and the occurrence of isolation of A. pleuropneumoniae was 19.7%. In 25 out of 96 (26.0%) lung samples with lesions of pleuropneumonia, A. pleuropneumoniae was isolated.

Estudou-se a presença de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes compatíveis com Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis em esfregaços de fezes e tecidos de ovinos. Vinte e seis esfregaços de fezes e 104 de tecidos, pertencentes a 26 animais diagnosticados como paratuberculosos, foram analisados pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen. Dezesseis (61,5%) esfregaços fecais apresentaram bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes compatíveis no exame microscópico. Vinte animais (76,9%) foram diagnosticados pelo método nos esfregaços de tecidos. Vinte e um animais apresentaram esfregaços positivos nas fezes e nos tecidos, simultaneamente. A sensibilidade de Ziehl-Neelsen para os esfregaços fecais, esfregaços de tecidos e para a combinação de ambos foi de 61,5%, 76,9% e 80,8%, respectivamente.

The presence of acid-fast bacilli compatible with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fecal and tissues smears was investigated using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining. A total of 26 fecal smears and 104 tissues smears collected from 26 sheep with confirmed paratuberculosis were analyzed. Sixteen (61.5%) fecal smears showed compatible with acid-fast bacilli on microscopic examination after staining. Twenty animals (76.9%) were diagnosed based on the positivity of tissues smears. The Ziehl-Neelsen sensitivities to faecal smears, tissues smears, and a combination of both were 61.5%, 76.9%, and 80.8%, respectively.

This paper evaluated the epidemiological situation of the enzootic bovine leucosis from 1995 to 2005, in Portugal. With exception of the South region, Algarve, the disease was distributed throughout the country, being more prevalent in the north, between Douro and Minho and Trás-os-Montes, than in the centre. A decrease in prevalence and incidence of the infection throughout the studied period was also observed.

During a six-year period from 2000 to 2006, 257 animal samples (fur and skin desquamation) were submitted to mycological examination in the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal. Dermathophytes were cultured from 38 of 257 (14.8%) specimens. Chi-squared test was used to compare differences between independent groups. The most frequent isolated dermathophyte was Microsporum canis (47.4%). Other isolated dermathophytes were: Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. mentagrophytes (31.5%), Microsporum gypseum (15.8%), and Microsporum nanum (5.3%). The rates of dermathophytes isolation were 8.4% in dogs; 21.3% in cats; 66.7% in rabbits; and in 11.1% in horses.

By heating powders of the aluminum monohydroxide fibrillar pseudoboehmite from 200ºC to 1400ºC several high surface area aluminas are prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron optical methods. Aqueous sols with pseudoboehmite fibrils of different lengths were dried by two methods: at room temperature and spray-dried. The following aluminas were obtained after treatment of the powders at increasing temperatures and having a range of specific surface areas: γ-Al2O3 (470ºC - 770ºC; 179 m²/g - 497 m²/g); δ -Al2O3 (770ºC - 930ºC; 156 m²/g - 230 m²/g); θ-Al2O3 (930ºC - 1050ºC; 11 m²/g - 200 m²/g); α-Al2O3 (1050ºC - 1400ºC; 2 m²/g - 17 m²/g). Spray-dried powders, fired at the same temperature than the ground powders, showed higher specific surface areas. The higher surface area alumina have values of the same order of magnitude of the commercial "ad-cat" aluminas.

This paper describes the first case of fish-boces (Chondrostoma polylepsis) with cutaneous lesions caused by Rhizopus sp. The results point out the role of fish-boces as a surveillance sentinel of cutaneous mucormycosis infections in aquatic recreation areas.